English: Magazine 6: Archaeology Magazine 7: Language Magazine 8: Ancient India Espanol: Revista 6: ¿Qué es la arqueología? Revista 7: El Idioma Revista 8: La Antigua India
Study Guide: - Archaeology (ar-kee-AH-luh-gee) is the study of the material remains of past peoples. An archaeologist’s goal is to learn about people who have been dead for a long time but left things behind. - Archaeology often involves studying ancient burial sites. By studying objects found in graves and how the deceased people were buried, - Mary Leakey was a well-known paleontologist. British paleontologist (1913–1996). - One group of scholars has cataloged 7,097 living languages. Some are spoken by millions of people, but most are spoken by much smaller numbers of people. - Linguists are people who study languages. - More than 100 major sign languages are used by people who are deaf or hard of hearing. Others are used by people who can hear. - Monastic sign language is used by members of religious orders who have taken vows of silence. - Top 10 Languages (BASED ON THEIR USAGE AS A FIRST LANGUAGE)1 Mandarin Chinese 900,000,000 1 Mandarin Chinese 900,000,000 2 Spanish 425,000,000 3 English 340,000,000 4 Arabic 267,000,000 5 Hindi 260,000,000 6 Portuguese 200,000,000 7 Bengali 190,000,000 8 Russian 170,000,000 9 Japanese 130,000,000 10 Western Punjabi 90,000,000 MAP AND CHARTS, ESTIMATED, 2016 - Scientists say humans probably developed speech sometime between 100,000 and 70,000 years ago. - Latin, the language of the ancient Romans, lives on in the Romance languages, including Italian, Spanish, French, Portuguese, and Romanian. - A dialect is a variation of a language that is understandable to most other speakers of the language. - Agricultural settlements were established in the Indus and Sarasvati river valleys by 4000 BCE or earlier. - The Himalayas form a barrier between the rest of Asia and the Indian subcontinent. - The first Indiancities, like Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro, grew up in the Indus River Valley in what is now Pakistan. The country of India takes its name from the Indus River. - In present-day Pakistan, Mehrgarh is one of the most important Neolithic, or late Stone Age, sites on the Indian subcontinent. Archaeologists found at the site some of the earliest evidence of farming in the area. Evidence shows that people may have been living in Mehrgarh as early as 7000 BCE. - By 2500 BCE, the Indus Valley civilization had two major cities: Mohenjo-Daro and, 400 miles to the northeast, Harappa. - The Harappan civilization developed on the fertile land around the Indus and Sarasvati Rivers. - Harappa was one of many urban centers linked by trade. Traders supplied craftspeople with raw materials. Indus Valley merchants sent goods as far away as the Persian Gulf. - The Gangesis one of the most sacred rivers to people who practice Hinduism. - The ancient Vedic people once lived in the Ganges River valley. They produced the Hindu sacred books, the Vedas. - This period in Indian history (1500 BCE to 500 BCE) is referred to as the Vedic age. - The Vedas are the four (4) sacred books that are the Vedic people's traditions and beliefs. - The hymns, prayers, legends, and other writings, collected in four books known as the Vedas, which are still viewed as sacred in modern Hinduism. These writings, in the ancient language Sanskrit, tell us a lot about the Vedic people. - The Vedic people measured their wealth in cattle, so the more cattle a family had, the richer it was. - The Ganges flows through northeastern India. - Gangain the Hindi language is so important to Indian life that it is considered holy by many Hindus. - Around 2000 BCE, the Dravidian people likely made up the largest population on the Indian subcontinent. They developed an advanced urban culture that predated the Vedic culture. - In the 300s BCE, large Dravidian political states developed in southern India. One of the longest-ruling Dravidian dynasties was the Chola dynasty. The Cholas ruled over much of southern India from the third century BCE until the 1200s CE. - Vedas described four classes, or varnas - The four classes are Brahmans, traditionally priests; the Kshatriyas, traditionally warriors; the Vaishyas, who were farmers, craftspeople, and merchants; and the Shudras, who were laborers or servants. - The untouchables and later known as Harijans or Dalits. - Positive behaviors of dharma. Dharma includes honesty, nonviolence, and generosity. - In the 1940s, the great Indian leader Mohandas K. Gandhi, known as Mahatma (“Great Soul”), called on all Indians to stop the harsh treatment of untouchables. -Gandhi is best known for his use of nonviolent protest to bring about social change. He also believed in the dignity of workers who do manual labor and in the equality of women.
We are all living in a history book. How do you want to be remembered? Cassi Silva (ULV 2019)
WEDNESDAY 1
TODAY'S OBJECTIVE: Students will: Learn about Archeology, the importance of Languages, and Ancient India.
THURSDAY 12/15 & FRIDAY 12/16
THURSDAY 1/12 & FRIDAY 1/13
THURSDAY, and Friday Objectives: English: Magazine 8: Ancient India Test Espanol: Revista 8: La Antigua India Examen